The usual internal combustion engine is a water-cooled four-stroke petrol design. It uses three circuits of working fluids:
- Combustible air/fuel mixture
- Water based coolant, usually with glycol admixed
- Motor oil for lubrication
These are all vital, but must never be allowed to intermix.
Apart from sealing the cylinder, the head gasket also seals water and oil conduits between the head and block.
Any connectivity between them will cause engine failure, or significant problems like
- Burning oil (smoke from the exhaust)
- Blue exhaust smoke may be indicative of oil burning
- White exhaust smoke is an indicator of coolant burning
from wikipedia
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